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Course Objectives and Outlines :
1. Explain briefly what the scientific method is and
what hypotheses are.
2. Name or identify a contribution to the development
of botany as a science made by each of the following:
Theophrastus Leeuwenhoek, Malpighi, Grew, van Belmont,
and Linnaeus.
3. Know what the Doctrine of Signatures and associated
herbals are.
4. Understand the major botanical disciplines and indicate
briefly the particular aspect of botany with which each
is concerned.
Learning Objectives:
Chapter 1-16, 20-22, 24-26 will be discussed
throughout this couse, the following are all the learning
objectives for the semester:
Introduction to Botany:
• Explain briefly what the scientific method
is and what’s the purpose of a hypotheses
•
Name or identify a contribution to the development
of botany as a science made by each of the following:
Theophrastus Leeuwenhoek, Malpighi, Grew, van Helmont,
and Linnaeus.
•
Know what the Doctrine of Signatures
•
Understand the major botanical disciplines and indicate
briefly the particular aspect of botany with which
each is concerned.
Nature of Life:
• Learn the attributes of living organisms.
•
Define matter, describe its basic state.
•
Distinguish compounds from mixtures and describe acids,
bases, and salts.
•
Know the various forms of energy.
•
Learn the elements found in protoplasm.
•
Understand the nature of carbohydrates, lipids, and
proteins.
•
Discuss protein synthesis and the nature of DNA.
Cells:
• Learn five (5) historical figures
associated with the development of the cell theory
and name their contributions.
•
Know the following cell structures and organelles,
and indicate the function of each: Plasma membrane,
Mitochondria, Endoplasmic reticulum, Ribosomes, Golgi
bodies, Plastids, and Vacuoles.
•
Describe the components of nucleus and understand
the function of each component.
•
Understand the cell cycle and the events that take
place in each phase of mitosis.
•
Contrast plant cells with animal cells.
Tissues:
• Know the meristems present in plants, and
where they are found
•
Learn the conducting tissues of Plants and the function
of each cell component.
•
Learn tissues of plants that are neither meristematic
nor function in conduction at maturity
Stem:
• Know the tissues that develop from shoot
apices and the meristems from which each tissue
is derived. Distinguish between primary tissues
and secondary tissues.
•
Learn and give the function of each of the following:
Vascular cambium, cork cambium, stomata, and lentils.
•
Contrast the stems of herbaceous and woody dicots
with stems of monocots.
•
Understand the composition of wood and its annual
rings, sapwood, heartwood and bark. Explain how
a log is sawed for commercial use.
•
Distinguish among rhizomes, stolons, tubers, bulbs,
corms, cladophylls, and tendrils.
•
Learn at least ten human uses of wood and stems
in general
Roots:
• Know the primary function and forms of
roots
•
Learn the root regions, including the root cap, region of cell
division, region of elongation, and region of maturation (including
root hairs and all tissues), and know the function of each.
•
Discuss the specific functions of the endodermis and the pericycle
•
Understand the differences among the various types of specialized
roots.
•
Know, at least, ten practical uses of roots.
Leaves:
• Learn the external forms and parts of
leaves. Know the functions of a typical leaf, and the specific
tissues and cells that contribute to those functions.
•
Understand the differences among pinnate, and dichotomous venation,
and also the differences between simple and compound leaves.
•
Contrast tendrils, spines, storage leaves, flower-pot leaves,
widow leaves, reproductive leaves, floral leaves, and different
types of insect-trapping leaves.
•
Explain why deciduous leaves turn various colors in the Fall
and how such leaves are shed.
•
Know at least fifteen uses of leaves by humans.
Plant Physiology: Metabolism
in Plant:
• Contrast the generalized equations of
photosynthesis and respiration
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Understand what occurs in the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis
and know the principal products of the reactions.
•
Explain what occurs in Glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle and the electron
transport chain of respiration.
•
Distinguish between aerobic respiration and fermentation
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Compare digestion and assimilation
Plant Physiology: Growth and
Development:
• Know distinction among growth, differentiation, development,
hormones and vitamins.
•
Identify the types of plant hormones and describe the major
functions of each.
•
Distinguish among the various types of plant movements and know
the forces behind them.
•
Understand photoperiodism and make distinction among short-day,
long-day, intermediate –day and neutral-day plants.
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Explain what phytochrome is and how it functions.
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Discuss the role of temperature in plant growth
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Learn dormancy and stratification, and give examples.
Plant Genetics: Meiosis:
• Know the phases of meiosis and briefly
describe what occurs in each of them.
•
Understand clearly what features meiosis and mitosis have in
common and how they differ.
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Explain the significance of crossing over to offspring
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In Alternation of Generations, indicate at what point each of
the following occurs: a change from n to a 2n; a change from
a 2n to n; initiation of the gametophyte generation.
•
Relate meiosis and Alternation of Generation to the process
of DNA replication.
Plant Genetics: Mendelian and
Molecular Genetics:
• Understand the significance of Mendel’s
experiments with peas
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Know the meaning of the terms dominance, phenotype, genotype,
heterozygous, monohybrid cross, dihybrid cross, backcross, linkage,
chromosomal mapping, and the Weinberg Law.
•
Give the ratios of the offspring in the first two generations
from a monohybrid and dihybrid cross. Describe the genotypes
involved.
•
Be able to solve simple genetics problems
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Understand how genes interact
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Know the kinds and function of RNA
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Be able to discuss the nature of DNA and protein synthesis
Plant Biotechnology:
• Be familiar with the basic types of vegetative
propagation
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Learn the roles of hybridization, polyploidy, and mutations
in traditional plant breeding.
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Understand the positive and negative aspects of the Green Revolution.
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Be able to explain tissue culture, cloning, and related techniques
to others.
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Understand the functions of enzymes involved in the development
of recombinant DNA
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Be able to delineate the basic steps involved in gene splicing
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Know several applications of genetic engineering
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