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CHM 221 : Objectives |
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Chapter 1: Introduction to the nature of matter and basic measurements
Students must recognize, explain and apply
- Composition, structure, and properties of matter
- States of matter
- Physical and chemical changes
- Intensive properties
- Extensive properties
Students must also understand, apply, and justify
- The Law of constant composition
- The Law of definite proportions
- The Scientific Method
- The Metric System of Measurements and Density
- Measurement Accuracy, Precision & significant figures
- Dimensional analysis and conversion factors
Chapter 2: Description of the structure of atoms and elements
Students must recognize, explain and apply
- Subatomic particles and their properties
- The structure of the atom
- The organization of the Periodic Table
Chapter 3: Description of the structure of molecules, ions and their compounds
Students must recognize, explain and apply
- Subatomic particles and their properties
- Molecules: chemical, empirical, molecular, and structural formulas
- Ions: their types, structure and properties
Students must predict
- Ionic charges
- Ionic compounds
Chapter 4: Chemical Equations and Stoichiometry
Students must recognize, explain and apply
- Combustion, combination, and decomposition reactions
- Atomic weight, atomic mass units, formula weight, molecular weight
- The limiting reactant
- Students must understand, apply, and justify the concepts of
- Balanced Chemical Equations
- Molar mass
- The Mole
Students must determine
- Molar masses
- Percentages of composition from formulas
- Mass to mole, mole to mass relationships
- Empirical and molecular formulas from analyses
- Quantitative information from balanced chemical equations
- The limiting reactant
- Theoretical yields
- Percent yields
Chapter 5: Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Students must recognize, explain and apply
- Solvents, solutes and aqueous solutions
- Strong, weak and non- electrolytes
- Strong and weak acids and bases
- Net ionic equations
- Metathesis, precipitation, oxidation, and reduction reactions
Students must also understand, apply, and justify the concepts of
- Chemical equilibrium
- Neutralization
- Solubility
- Titration
Students must be able to determine
- Concentration
- Molarity
- Dilution
Chapter 6: Principles of Reactivity : Energy and Chemical Reactions
Students must recognize, explain and apply
- Chemical reactions and reversibility
- Equilibrium of closed systems
Students must also understand, apply, and justify the concepts of
- Calculation Equilibrium constant expressions
- Predicting reaction direction
- Reaction quotient
- Le Chatelier's principle
Chapter 7: Atomic Structure
Students must recognize, explain and apply
- Electromagnetic Radiation
- Quantum of energy
- Photons
- Spectrum
- Ground and excited states
- Matter waves
- Uncertainty principle
- Wave functions
- Probability density
- Screening effect
- Degenerate
- Valence and core electrons
- Main-group, transition, lanthanide, and actinide elements
Students must also understand, apply, and justify the concepts of
- Wavelength and frequency
- Energy of a single quantum
- Bohr's Model
- Momentum of photons
- Orbitals
- Electron shells
- Subshell
- Effective nuclear charge
- Quantum numbers and Hund?s rule
Chapter 8: Description of the Information derived from the Periodic Table
Students must recognize, explain and apply
- The periodicity of elements
- Valence orbitals
- Atomic radius
- Ionization energy
- Electron affinity
- Metallic character
- Groups of elements
Chapter 9: Bonding and Molecular Structure: Fundamental Concepts
Students must recognize, explain and apply
- electronegativity
- Bond polarity
Students must recognize and construct
- Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds
- Lewis structures
- Single and multiple bonds
- Polar and non-polar covalent bonds
Students must also understand, apply, and justify the concepts of
- Lattice energy
- Born-Haber cycle
- Formal charge
- Resonance structures
- Bond enthalpy
- Oxidation states
Chapter 10: Bonding and Molecular Structure: Fundamental Concepts
Students must recognize, explain and apply
- Bonds
- Bond angles
- Bonding and non-bonding pairs
Students must also understand, apply, and justify the concepts of
- Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) model
- Electron pair and molecular geometries
- Dipole moment
- Valence-bond theory
- Orbital hybridization
- Sigma, pi, and delocalized bonds
- Molecular orbital theory
- Bonding and anti-bonding orbitals
- Sigma and pi, molecular orbitals
- Energy level diagram
- Bond order
Chapter 11: Carbon: More than Just Another Element
Students must recognize, explain and apply
- Classify organic compounds based on formula and structure
- Recognize and draw structures of structural isomers and stereoisomers for carbon
compounds
- Name and draw structures of common organic compounds
- Know the common reactions of organic functional groups
- Relate properties to molecular structure
- Identify common polymers
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